Manual Transmissions Rapidly Becoming a Thing of the Past
Bryan Berg drives a semi with a 13-speed transmission, and he’s been double-clutching and shifting gears in his rig for 30 years. He’s not about to start driving a truck that shifts automatically.
“I just think it would be weird,” said Berg, who lives near Willmar, Minn., when he’s not driving. “Most of the drivers I know, they all say automatics are for people who don’t know how to drive a truck.”
That’s changing. The strictly manual transmission is disappearing from the cabs of semi tractor-trailers —and the strong economy is one reason why. In its place is a manual transmission with a computer that automates the shifting of gears. That’s different from the automatic transmission that’s common in cars and light trucks. Truckers tend to use the word automatic to describe newer gearboxes, however, and they have the same effect of freeing a driver from shifting gears.
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Today, the vast majority of trucks rolling off assembly lines are outfitted with the newfangled transmission, which is more efficient and quicker to learn at a time when haulers are eager to lower costs and desperate to find more drivers.
“In the next three to five years, pretty much everything is going to be automatic,” said Gary Pressley, president of Heavy Metal Truck Training in Eagan.
Regional and local trucking companies that use older trucks may hold on to manual transmissions for longer, but the days of a trucker gear-jamming down the interstate in a 36-speed are coming to an end.
Over-the-road carriers face a long-running nationwide shortage of truck drivers, and the shift to automated transmissions is accelerating thanks to the ease of training new drivers to use them.
Most new drivers didn’t grow up driving a stick shift.
“Being able to get a driver and get them into a truck and trained and up and running as fast as possible becomes very valuable to a lot of companies,” said Wesley Slavin, on-highway marketing manager for Peterbilt, which now produces nearly 90% of its trucks with an automated transmission.
The computers controlling automated transmissions can “down-speed” — lower the revolutions per minute of the engine at high speed — effectively and are thus better at controlling gas consumption and emissions.
While experienced drivers can coax close to the same gas mileage from a manual transmission that a computer can get, new drivers likely cannot.
Also, the technology has improved in recent years. Early versions of an automated transmission annoyed drivers.
The computer would shift too late or too soon, and experienced drivers wanted nothing to do with being a passenger in a truck driven by a novice software program.
“I drove one probably 10 years ago, and I didn’t like it,” said Ken Steinfest, an 81-year-old from Antigo, Wis., who still drives a semi with a 13-speed manual transmission, his white labradoodle in the cab with him.
The new transmissions now are better integrated in the trucks and the computers have gotten more precise, evaluating engine torque, engine speed, vehicle speed and vehicle angle before shifting gears.
“It just shifts and you don’t notice,” Slavin said.
Brian Daniels, manager of Detroit Powertrain and component products for Daimler Trucks North America, which makes Freightliner trucks, said automated transmissions were a niche market six years ago. But better products came on the market around 2015, and demand for them rose quickly since.
“There’s still the diehards out there, but there’s some conversion happening of the diehards, too,” Daniels said.
About 85% of Freightliner’s semis now have automated transmissions, up from about 10% four years ago.
Truckers in Europe adopted automated transmissions sooner than those in the United States. Volvo, one of the handful of large truck manufacturers in North America, introduced its I-shift transmission in Europe in 2002, and by the late 2000s about 75% of trucks in Europe were fitted with an automated transmission.
The kicker for driving instructors in the United States is increased safety, said Bill Collins, owner of Interstate Truck Driving School in South St. Paul. At a simulator at the school, one student practiced shifting gears on a 10-speed manual transmission. In a gravel lot out back, two students practiced backing up, another inspected the undercarriage of a truck using an orange pointer.
“Most of my students want to drive the manual, and I try to talk them out of it,” Collins said. “The biggest reason is the safety.”
Collins said there’s less for drivers to worry about when they don’t have to shift gears. But some companies still have manual transmissions because they don’t replace trucks as often as the big over-the-road carriers, so Collins still teaches students to drive a manual transmission.
And not all drivers are convinced that automatic is better.
Abdullahi Abdulle, from Columbus, Ohio, who was taking a break at Stockmen’s Truck Stop off Interstate 494 in South St. Paul, said he doesn’t mind shifting gears.
In fact, it helps keep him alert, he said. He’s been driving for three years and was waiting for a new load.
“Automatic, you just relax,” Abdulle said. “And when you relax, you may take a nap. On the road.”
