Russia, Iran, Others Debate How to Divide Caspian Oil Riches
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TURKMENBASHI, Turkmenistan — Five countries bordering the energy-rich Caspian Sea met Aug. 12 at an economic forum hosted by Turkmenistan in a bid to agree on how to divide the region’s oil wealth.
Last year, the leaders of Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan signed a convention aimed at ending decadeslong uncertainty over exploitation of its resources.
The agreement establishes rules for declaring each country’s territorial waters and fishing zones, but the issue of dividing seabed that contains rich oil and gas fields is subject to further negotiations.
The First Caspian Economic Forum was held in Turkmenistan. The littoral states have many opportunities for cooperation - in the oil and gas, transport, and tourist industries. We must also work together to conserve the Caspian ecosystem. We will work on all these tracks pic.twitter.com/59DIJtPf2c — Dmitry Medvedev (@MedvedevRussiaE) August 12, 2019
Russia and Iran are yet to ratify last year’s agreement. Russia’s Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, who attended the forum in Turkmenistan, said that the ratification is expected “in the near future.”
Iranian Vice President Eshaq Jahangiri was noncommittal, making no commitments in his speech at the forum.
Jahangiri argued that non-Caspian nations shouldn’t meddle in the region’s affairs and charged that the United States’ unilateralist policies and its emphasis on sanctions threaten stability of the region.
Turkmenistan’s President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov, who has wielded all-encompassing power since taking office in 2006, styling himself as the former Soviet republic’s Arkadag (protector), told the forum that the Caspian energy riches should provide a powerful incentive for the region’s development.
Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan have yet to agree on how to share the reserves under the seabed. That has impeded progress of the Trans-Caspian natural gas pipeline that would carry Turkmen gas across the sea to Azerbaijan and further on to Western markets.
“It’s a very sensitive issue,” said Bahram Huseynov, a vice president of Azerbaijan’s state oil company SOCAR. “No concrete steps have been made yet and it’s too early to discuss specifics.”
Huseynov added that demilitarization of the sea border between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan could facilitate the talks on dividing the energy riches.
The West has long encouraged prospective trans-Caspian pipelines as part of its efforts to diversify sources of energy, while Russia and Iran have watched the plans with unease.
More energy exports from the Caspian would compete with energy shipments from Russia, which has sought to expand the sales of its oil and gas to European markets.
Iran has argued for energy shipments from the Caspian to cross its territory, arguing that trans-Caspian routes are too costly and unsafe.
“Iran is against any trans-Caspian pipelines,” said Behruz Namdari of Iran’s National Gas Co. “The construction of a trans-Caspian pipeline could inflict a serious damage to the environment.”
