RIYADH, Saudi Arabia — Saudi Arabia’s oil company Aramco gained 10% in its first moments on the stock market Dec. 11 in a dramatic debut that held until closing and pushed its value up to $1.88 trillion, surpassing Apple as the largest listed company in the world.

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Saudi Arabian oil company Aramco on Dec. 5 set a share price for its IPO — expected to be the biggest ever — that puts the value of the company at $1.7 trillion, more than Apple or Microsoft.