Oil Tanker Owners Pay to Move Crude in Wake of Supply Cuts
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Saudi Arabia’s oil production cuts have hit the tanker market so hard that owners of the biggest vessels are effectively subsidizing cargo deliveries on the industry’s main trade route.
Supertankers delivering 2 million-barrel shipments of the kingdom’s oil to China are losing $736 a day for the privilege, according to data from the Baltic Exchange in London on Jan. 19. While owners might, in practice, be able to mitigate such losses by ordering captains to sail the vessels slower, the reality is that some ships are losing money on Middle East-to-Asia deliveries, according to Halvor Ellefsen, a shipbroker at Fearnleys.
“Even the most economical ships out there are struggling to get positive numbers,” he said. “It’s carnage right now.”
While tanker rates weren’t particularly strong up to the end of last year, they weren’t disastrous, either. What seems to have tipped the balance is when Saudi Arabia, wary of oil demand risks posed by COVID-19, announced that it would unilaterally cut 1 million barrels a day of production to support crude prices. That removed a big chunk of seaborne shipments in a market where cargoes already were curtailed.
It also came at a time when the supply of ships was being bolstered. Huge numbers of tankers had been used to store crude at sea when an oil market glut built up last year, and that’s now tumbling. Since its peak last year, about 132 million barrels of oil no longer are being stored at sea, enough to fill 66 supertankers, Vortexa data shows.
Traders also reported lower demand over the past few days from some buyers in Asia, where refineries soon will start carrying out seasonal maintenance programs and therefore need fewer crude cargoes.
Seeking Approvals
While negative earnings may look illogical, owners might be tempted to operate ships at a loss because there still are costs involved in keeping a ship at anchor — so they could lose money anyway. Vessels that spend too long without moving cargoes also risk losing much-prized approvals, whereby oil companies deem the ships fit for charter. Approvals can take time to secure.
Negative earnings can arise when the fees that oil companies pay to charter ships don’t cover the costs involved. At that point, owners either have to reject the bookings or pay some of the ship’s fuel bills.
As a result of the slump, analysts are expecting to see the tanker fleet begin to slow down when ships return, sailing in ballast, from having delivered cargoes.
“Earnings estimates are now sensitive to speed assumption,” said Clarksons Platou analysts including Frode Moerkedal. “Although we cannot see it in the average data yet, vessel speed on the empty return voyage from the Far East should go down.”
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