US Demands Risk Scuttling NAFTA Talks
U.S. officials in NAFTA negotiations are making proposals on battleground issues that Canada and Mexico would never agree to, intensifying doubts of reaching compromise on their tight timeline, according to three officials familiar with the talks.
U.S. proposals on government procurement, textiles and fresh produce are seen by the Canadian and Mexican governments as red-line issues with little or no hope of agreement, said the officials, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the discussions are private. The last round of talks that ended Sept. 27 in Ottawa took on a more negative tone at times compared with previous sessions, the officials said.
The U.S. stance sets up a showdown in the next negotiating session in Washington from Oct. 11-15. Officials expect the U.S. will present contentious proposals on automotive rules of origin — the share of a car that must be made in the three countries to get NAFTA’s tariff-free benefits — and on an overall U.S.-specific content requirement. They expect those will also be essentially impossible for the other countries to accept.
The U.S. Trade Representative’s office, which is leading the U.S. NAFTA negotiations, didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.
President Donald Trump has made cutting the trade deficit as the top-line goal of a NAFTA re-negotiation, and autos is the main source of America’s $64 billion goods gap with Mexico. The administration launched the revamp in August by warning that a revised version of the deal that underpins $1.2 trillion of trade annually must have better terms for American workers and industries.
Two of the officials speculated that the U.S. is designing such hard-line positions to make it impossible to reach a settlement.
Trump has repeatedly threatened to pull out of NAFTA, saying in an interview in April that he was “psyched” to terminate the deal but reconsidered after Canada and Mexico asked him to renegotiate instead. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross reiterated the threat earlier this month, adding that NAFTA “has not worked the way it was intended.”
U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer told reporters Sept. 27 that “significant progress continues to be made” in areas including competition, state-owned enterprises, digital trade and telecommunications. But he said “there is an enormous amount of work to be done, including on some very difficult and contentious issues.”
The goal of reaching a deal this year is “very, very optimistic” and will be “very, very difficult,” Lighthizer said. “But there are reasons to do it. So when there are reasons to do it, we have a lot of motivation.”
The parties are aiming to secure a deal before the political calendar fills up next year with presidential elections in Mexico, congressional mid-terms in the U.S. and provincial votes in Ontario and Quebec.
Clothes, Fruit
On government procurement, the U.S. is proposing to cap its market for contracts at a dollar-for-dollar level with the combined Canada-Mexico market, according to the three officials. That would mean the total value of contracts the Canadians and Mexicans could access, together, couldn’t exceed the total value that U.S. firms could win in those two countries, the officials said.
Given the scale of the U.S. economy and population, this could effectively leave the two with less access to U.S. procurement than some other countries, the officials said.
The U.S. is also said to be proposing to eliminate preferential tariffs on textiles from Canada and Mexico over two years — an idea described by the officials as an assault on the sector in those countries.
Finally, the U.S. wants to essentially open so-called “seasonal products,” such as fruit, to dispute-resolution mechanisms that would be expected to lead to disputes with U.S. growers and possibly tariffs, which could hinder Mexican exports, according to two officials.
The officials likened the potential fallout to the case of Boeing Co.’s challenge against Canadian-owned Bombardier Inc., which led to imposition of preliminary duties on Sept. 26 by the U.S. Commerce Department and will put a chill on the aerospace sector.
Constructive Talks
If one of the three countries were to walk away from talks, a next step would likely be issuing a six-month notice of withdrawal from the pact, though that wouldn’t guarantee an exit. Steps after that get murky — trade powers in the U.S. are divided between Trump and the U.S. Congress. An attempted U.S. exit could trigger political and legal battles.
Mexico and Canada have said they want a modernized NAFTA and have downplayed Trump’s threats. “As the negotiations move forward, it is important we have the will to table positions that encourage constructive discussions,” Mexican Economy Secretary Ildefonso Guajardo told reporters Sept. 27.
The third round of talks ended with an agreement on a NAFTA chapter related to small- and medium-sized businesses. The duty imposed on Bombardier while talks took place hung over the final day of discussions, with Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland calling the U.S. “a protectionist administration” in relation to the issue.
