Many students who take master-level courses in logistics and supply chain management are required to undertake a special project, called a capstone project, to demonstrate their knowledge and skills.

Ethanol and biodiesel production is expected to surge in the next few years as government officials in Europe and the United States set higher targets for consumption and maintain subsidies for producers, a panel of experts predicted at a forum on biofuel policies and trade organized by the German Marshall Fund of the United States.

PALM SPRINGS, Calif. — The head of truck and engine maker Navistar International Corp. said its 2007 models are more fuel efficient and perform better than 2006 models, in addition to being cleaner burning.

Cascade Sierra Solutions, a nonprofit group that promotes the sale of products to help truck drivers save fuel and reduce emissions, said it has opened the first of what could be as many as eight “green truck technology” showrooms along the Interstate 5 corridor in Oregon, Washington and California.

The number of heavy-duty trucks in use in the United States increased 5.2% to 3.51 million Class 8 commercial vehicles last year, as fleet owners stocked up on new trucks and kept more old vehicles in service, market research firm R.L. Polk & Co. said.

A time-honored axiom of business is that everything begins with a sale. It’s a truism that seems especially apt in the transportation industry. After all, motor carriers need to find freight to fill their trailers. Shippers need to find carriers to haul their commodities.

The president of trucking software provider TMW Systems said he does not expect a slowdown in sales this year, even as some trucking companies face a downturn in demand for freight-hauling services.

When Foodliner Inc., a liquid and dry-bulk carrier based in Dubuque, Iowa, put in a mobile communications system to track the location of its trucks and monitor the performance of its drivers, corporate controller Tom Stueck said he expected some resistance.

Another year of strong demand and tight capacity generated higher revenue and profits for most freight carriers in 2006. But it also was a year of anticipation as fleet operators bought new tractors in record numbers, to avoid buying new models in 2007.